Encyclopedia of World Problems - Archived Information

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Sustainable Development Issues: Clustered by Principal Subject (Trade)

Derived from international declarations:

Agenda 21 (1992), Brundtland Report and various NGO and government declarations (see checklist).

Columns coded in relation to Figure 1. In 6 parts:
[P=Population | W=Well-being | L=Learning | T=Trade | E=Environment (below)| R=Regulation ]

The purpose of this coding was to explore configuration of the implicit strategic dilemmas as a global structure (see commentary) and presented as Figures 3a and 3b. In 1999, further experiments, using virtual reality, are underway to configure such issues in three dimensions. The coding procedure is described elsewhere.
 

  P W L T E R   Issue name Document
1        T        TRADE/PRODUCTION:  
3  P      T    R    Trade liberalization A21/2
3        T  E  R    Developing an environment/trade and development agenda  A21/2 
3        T  E  R    Make trade and environment mutually supportive  A21/2 
3  P      T    R    "Fair trade" not "free trade"  Doc26 
3  P      T    R    Deregulation  Doc2 
5  P  W    T  E  R    Protectionism / Market access  BR 
3    W    T    R    Tariff barriers  Doc5 
3    W    T    R    Deteriorating terms of trade  BR 
3    W    T    R    Restrictive trade practices  Doc5 
3    W    T    R    Inappropriate commodity prices  Doc40 
3        T  E  R    Improve international cooperation in commodity trade  A21/2 
3    W    T    R    Instability of trade/production   
3  P      T    R    Dependency on trade  BR 
3  P    L  T        Diversification of trade cf one main export commodity  A21/2 
5  P  W  L  T    R    Revival of economic growth / Economic growth  BR 
3    W    T    R    Inflation   
3      L  T  E      Develop new concepts of sustainable economic growth  A21/3 
5  P  W    T  E  R    Improving quality of growth / Unbalanced economic growth  BR 
3        T  E  R    Negative environmental impacts of industrial activity  BR 
3        T  E  R    Pollution-intensive production costs  BR 
3        T  E  R    Inappropriate industrialization  BR 
3    W  L  T        Diversified production systems  A21/13 
3      L  T    R    Technology reorientation (uncontrolled use)  BR 
3  P      T    R    Distribution / concentration of economic activity  Doc2 
5    W  L  T  E  R    Biotechnology management  BR 
3      L  T    R    Legal protection of nations' biological rights  Doc24 
3      L  T    R    Concessional access for developing countries  Doc24 
5  P  W  L  T    R    Underdevelopment / UNDP Human Development Index  Doc27 
3  P  W    T        "People-centred development"  Doc12 
3    W  L  T        Redefine "prosperity"  Doc13 
3      L  T    R    Encourage entrepreneurial/investment initiatives  Doc2 
3      L  T    R    Capacity building in developing countries BR 
3      L  T    R    Enhancement of technological capacity  BR 
3      L  T    R    Underfunding of [agricultural] training programmes  Doc3 
3      L  T    R    National service schemes versus "brain-drain"  Doc2 
3      L  T    R    Use of local capabilities/resources before imports  Doc34 
3    W    T    R    Access to markets in the North  Doc24 
3      L  T  E      Environmentally sound technology transfer A21/34 
3      L  T    R    Public domain and subsidised appropriate technology  Doc5 
3      L  T  E      Accessed through information databases/networks  Doc5 
3      L  T    R    Programmes of technical cooperation and assistance  A21/34 
3        T  E  R    Tied to compliance with international conventions  Doc5 
3      L  T    R    Collaborative arrangements and partnerships  A21/34 
3      L  T  E      Environmentally [safe and] sound technology  A21/34 
3    W    T  E      Sustainable agricultural/rural development A21/14 
3        T  E  R    Food spoilage/wastage  Doc2 
3        T  E  R    Unproductive use of resources  Doc1 
3        T  E  R    Inappropriate use and pricing of agrochemicals  BR 
3        T  E  R    Improper pricing / non-cost of environmental externalities  Doc2 
3        T  E  R    Unstable markets / fluctuating prices  Doc2 
3    W    T    R    Fluctuating availability/shortages  BR 
3    W    T    R    Over-subsidized production and agricultural inputs  BR 
3    W    T    R    Export of surpluses  BR 
3      L  T  E      Land resource and rehabilitiation data banks  A21/14 
3      L  T  E      Appropriate agro-ecological zoning and landuse  A21/14 
3      L  T    R    Improve training for rural servicing / extension workers  A21/14 
3    W  L  T        Promote integrated pest management  Doc27 
3  P  W    T        Food production/security  BR 
3  P  W    T        Role of small primary producers  A21/32 
3  P  W    T        Strengthen role of farmers  A21/32 
3  P  W    T        Unproductive subsistence agriculture   
3  P  W    T        Cooperatives of small scale farmers  Doc2 
3    W  L  T        Farming households and technologies  A21/14 
3      L  T  E      Permaculture / agroforestry  Doc30 
3      L  T  E      Small-scall agro-processing techniques  A21/14 
3  P      T  E      Biological pest control methods  Doc27 
3  P  W    T        Growing illegal drugs  Doc36 
3    W  L  T        Integrated farm management technologies  A21/14 
3  P      T    R    Decentralization policies for rural development  A21/14 
3  P      T    R    Farmers' Rights to plant and animal genetic resources  A21/14 
3  P      T    R    Neglect of minor crops/varieties and animal breeds  Doc3 
3        T  E  R    Energy and resources  BR 
3        T  E  R    Inefficient use of resources / Energy conservation  BR 
3        T  E  R    Decentralise energy supplies  Doc30 
3      L  T  E      Moratorium and phase-out nuclear plants  Doc33 
3      L  T  E      New and renewable energy sources and technologies  Doc5 
3  P      T    R    Market failure to price and to allocate scare resources  Doc2 
3    W    T    R    Underground economy / Black markets / Illegal trading   
3      L  T    R    Inappropriate incentive systems  BR 
3  P      T    R    Business/Industry community role A21/30 
3  P      T    R    Responsible entrepreneurship  A21/30 
3      L  T    R    Unethical commercial practices   
3        T  E  R    Socially responsible capital investment  Doc2 
3      L  T  E      Use full social and environmental costs  Doc27 
3  P  W    T        Openness / Dialogue with local community  Doc5 
3      L  T    R    Revised accounting standards / environmental auditing  Doc2 
3        T  E  R    [In]adequate industry standards/practices/compliance  Doc5 
3      L  T    R    Public - private sector partnerships  Doc2 
3        T  E  R    Multinational/transnational corporations  Doc2 
3      L  T    R    Restrictive patents and proprietary rights BR 
3      L  T  E      Promote cleaner production  A21/30 
3    W    T  E      Dangerous products  A21/19 
3  P      T  E      Phase-out "black listed" toxics and hazardous substances  Doc30 
3  P      T  E      "Cradle to grave" waste management  Doc27 
3      L  T    R    Equipment/Servicing inadequacy/unreliability   
3      L  T    R    Inadequate standardization   
3      L  T    R    Access to spare parts/maintenance   
3      L  T    R    Product planned obsolescence   
3      L  T    R    Inappropriate design   
3        T  E  R    Socio/ecological product labelling  Doc30