Biosciences → Paleontology
Description
Paleontology, also spelled as palaeontology or palæontology, is the scientific study of the life of the past, mainly but not exclusively through the study of fossils. Paleontologists use fossils as a means to classify organisms, measure geologic time, and assess the interactions between prehistoric organisms and their natural environment. While paleontological observations are known from at least the 6th century BC, the foundation of paleontology as a science dates back to the work of Georges Cuvier in 1796. Cuvier demonstrated evidence for the concept of extinction and how life of the past was not necessarily the same as that of the present. The field developed rapidly over the course of the following decades, and the French word paléontologie was introduced for the study in 1822, which was derived from the Ancient Greek word for "ancient" and words describing relatedness and a field of study. Further advances in the field accompanied the work of Charles Darwin who popularized the concept of evolution. Together, evolution and extinction can be understood as complementary processes which shaped the history of life.
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Organizations relating to Paleontology
Central European Diatomists / Berlin, Germany / Est. 1987
International Association of Radiolarian Palaeontologists / Niigata, Japan
Institut méditerranéen d'écologie et paléoécologie / Marseille, France
International Association for the Study of Human Palaeontology / Paris, France / Est. 1982
International Association of Angiosperm Paleontology
International Mammoth Committee / Geneva, Switzerland
Musée des langues du monde / Rueil-Malmaison, France / Est. 1998
Institut international du paléozoique / Notre-Dame-du-Mont-Carmel QC, Canada
ESF Network on Fossil Insects
African Committee for Palynology
International Conference on Taphonomy and Fossilisation / Est. 1990
International Fossil Algae Association / Knoxville TN, USA / Est. 1974
Marketing Agencies Association Worldwide
Commission internationale de microflore du paléozoïque / Leimen, Germany / Est. 1958
International Association for the Study of Fossil Cnidaria and Porifera / Toulouse, France / Est. 1971
Association of Australasian Palaeontologists / Sydney NSW, Australia
East African Association for Paleoanthropology and Paleontology / Est. 2005
European Palaeontological Association / Est. 1991
Micropalaeontology Society, The / Bristol, UK / Est. 1970
European Association of Vertebrate Palaeontologists / Brussels, Belgium / Est. 2003
Association des diatomistes de langue française / Thonon-les-Bains, France / Est. 1980
Paleopathology Association / York, UK / Est. 1973
Asociación Latinoamericana de Paleobotanica y Palinologia / Diamante, Argentina / Est. 1972
International Federation of Palynological Societies / Keyworth, UK / Est. 1966
International Organization of Palaeobotany / Dresden, Germany / Est. 1954
European Palaeobotany and Palynology Conference
International Palaeontological Association / Est. 1933
International Society for Diatom Research / Nottingham, UK / Est. 1985
Asian Palaeontological Association / Nanjing, China / Est. 2019
View all profiles (40 total) in the Yearbook of International Organizations
World Problems relating to Paleontology
From the Encyclopedia of World Problems and Human PotentialExploitation of fossil fuels
Overexploitation of underground water resources
Abusive collection of specimens
Destruction of palaeontological sites
Action Strategies relating to Paleontology
From the Encyclopedia of World Problems and Human PotentialUsing fossil fuel more efficiently
Introducing carbon taxes
Reducing fossil fuel use
Reducing dependence of agricultural systems on fossil fuels
Conserving energy in transportation
Applying energy taxes
Conserving fossil fuels
Studying palaeontology
Resisting taxing fossil fuel use
Reducing petroleum fuel emissions to the atmosphere
Monitoring fossil fuel emissions
Studying human palaeontology
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