Global Civil Society & the UN Sustainable Development Goals

Goal 7: Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy

Affordable & Clean Energy


Goal 7 is about ensuring access to clean and affordable energy, which is key to the development of agriculture, business, communications, education, healthcare and transportation.

The world continues to advance towards sustainable energy targets – but not fast enough. At the current pace, about 660 million people will still lack access to electricity and close to 2 billion people will still rely on polluting fuels and technologies for cooking by 2030.

Our everyday life depends on reliable and affordable energy. And yet the consumption of energy is the dominant contributor to climate change, accounting for around 60 percent of total global greenhouse gas emissions.

From 2015 to 2021, the proportion of the global population with access to electricity has increased from 87 per cent to 91 per cent.

Ensuring universal access to affordable electricity by 2030 means investing in clean energy sources such as solar, wind and thermal. Expanding infrastructure and upgrading technology to provide clean energy in all developing countries is a crucial goal that can both encourage growth and help the environment.

Name Acronym Founded City HQ Country/Territory HQ Type I Type II

Protocol Agreement on the Conservation of Common Natural Resources

1982 T g

Protocol Amending the Convention for the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping from Ships and Aircraft

1983 T g

Protocol Amending the Convention for the Prevention of Marine Pollution from Land-based Sources, Kuwait

1990 Safat Kuwait T g

Protocol Amending the Convention for the Prevention of Marine Pollution from Land-based Sources, Paris

1986 T g

Protocol Concerning Cooperation in Combating Marine Pollution in Cases of Emergency in the Eastern African Region

1985 Victoria Seychelles T g

Protocol Concerning Cooperation in Combating Oil Spills in the Wider Caribbean Region

1983 Kingston Jamaica T g

Protocol Concerning Cooperation in Combating Pollution Emergencies in the South Pacific Region

1986 Apia Samoa T g

Protocol Concerning Cooperation in Combating Pollution in Cases of Emergency

1981 Abidjan Côte d'Ivoire T g

Protocol Concerning Cooperation in Combating Pollution of the Mediterranean Sea by Oil and other Harmful Substances in Cases of Emergency

1976 Athens Greece T g

Protocol Concerning Cooperation in Preventing Pollution from Ships and, in Cases of Emergency, Combating Pollution of the Mediterranean Sea

2002 Athens Greece T g

Protocol Concerning Marine Pollution Resulting from Exploration and Exploitation of the Continental Shelf

1989 Safat Kuwait T g

Protocol Concerning Pollution from Land-based Sources and Activities

1999 Kingston Jamaica T g

Protocol Concerning Regional Cooperation in Combating Pollution by Oil and other Harmful Substances in Case of Emergency

1982 Jeddah Saudi Arabia T g

Protocol Concerning Regional Cooperation in Combating Pollution by Oil and other Harmful Substances in Cases of Emergency

1978 Safat Kuwait T g

Protocol for the Prevention of Pollution of the Mediterranean Sea by Dumping from Ships and Aircraft

Dumping Protocol 1976 Athens Greece T g

Protocol for the Prevention of Pollution of the South Pacific Region by Dumping

1986 Apia Samoa T g

Protocol for the Protection of the Mediterranean Sea against Pollution from Land-Based Sources and Activities

LBS Protocol 1980 T g

Protocol for the Protection of the Mediterranean Sea Against Pollution Resulting from Exploration and Exploitation of the Continental Shelf and the Seabed and its Subsoil

1994 Athens Greece T g

Protocol for the Protection of the South East Pacific Against Radioactive Contamination

1989 Quito Ecuador T g

Protocol for the Protection of the Southeast Pacific Against Pollution from Land-based Sources

1983 Quito Ecuador T g

Protocol of 1973 to the International Convention Relating to Intervention of the High Seas in Cases of Oil Pollution Casualties

1973 London UK T g

Protocol of 1997 to Amend the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, as Modified by the Protocol of 1978 Relating Thereto

MARPOL PROT 1997 1997 London UK T g

Protocol of 2010 to Amend the International Convention of Liability and Compensation for Damage in Connection with the Carriage of Hazardous and Noxious Substances by Sea

HNS PROT 2010 2010 London UK T g

Protocol on Cooperation in Combating Pollution of the Black Sea Marine Environment by Oil and other Harmful Substances in Emergency Situations

1992 Istanbul Türkiye T g

Protocol on Pollutant Release and Transfer Registers

Kiev protocol 2003 Geneva Switzerland T g

Protocol on Preparedness, Response and Cooperation to Pollution Incidents by Hazardous and Noxious Substances

OPRC-HNS 2000 2000 London UK T g

Protocol on Protection of the Black Sea Marine Environment Against Pollution from Land-based Sources

1992 Istanbul Türkiye T g

Protocol on the Control of Marine Transboundary Movements and Disposal of Hazardous Wastes

1998 T g

Protocol on the Prevention of Pollution of the Mediterranean Sea by Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal

1996 Athens Greece T g

Protocol on the Protection of the Black Sea Marine Environment Against Pollution by Dumping

1992 Istanbul Türkiye T g

Protocol Relating to Intervention on the High Seas in Cases of Marine Pollution by Substances other Than Oil

INTERVENTION PROT 1973 1973 London UK T g

Protocol to Amend the 1910 Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules of Law Relating to Assistance and Salvage at Sea

1967 T g

Protocol to Amend the Convention of 31 January 1963 Supplementary to the Paris Convention of 29 July 1960 on Third Party Liability in the Field of Nuclear Energy, as Amended by the Additional Protocol of 28 January 1964 and by the Protocol of 16 November 1982

2001 T g

Protocol to Amend the Convention of 31st January 1963 Supplementary to the Paris Convention of 29th July 1960 on Third Party Liability in the Field of Nuclear Energy, as Amended by the Additional Protocol of 28th January 1964

1982 T g

Protocol to Amend the Convention on Third Party Liability in the Field of Nuclear Energy of 29 July 1960, as Amended by the Additional Protocol of 28 January 1964 and by the Protocol of 16 November 1982

2004 T g

Protocol to Amend the Convention on Third Party Liability in the Field of Nuclear Energy of 29th July 1960, as Amended by the Additional Protocol of 28th January 1964

1982 T g

Protocol to Amend the International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage, 1984

1984 London UK T g

Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long Range Transboundary Air Pollution Concerning the Control of Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds on Their Transboundary Fluxes

1991 VOC protocol 1991 T g

Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long Range Transboundary Air Pollution Concerning the Control of Nitrogen Oxides Emissions or Their Transboundary Fluxes

1988 NOx protocol 1988 T g

Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long Range Transboundary Air Pollution on Further Reduction of Sulphur Emissions

1994 T g

Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long Range Transboundary Air Pollution on Long-term Financing of the Cooperative Programme for Monitoring and Evaluation of the Long-range Transmission of Air-pollutants in Europe

1984 EMEP protocol 1984 T g

Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long Range Transboundary Air Pollution on the Reduction of Sulphur Emissions or Their Transboundary Fluxes by at Least 30 per Cent

1985 Sulphur protocol 1985 T g

Protocol to the Conference of the States Parties to the Convention on Fishing and Conservation of Living Resources in the Baltic Sea and the Belts

1982 T g

Protocol to the Convention on Long Range Transboundary Air Pollution on Persistent Organic Pollutants

POP protocol 1998 T g

Protocol to the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution on Heavy Metals

1998 T g

Protocol to the International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage, 1976

1976 London UK T g

Protocol to the International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage, 1992

1992 London UK T g

Protocole D'application de la Convention Alpine de 1991 dans le Domaine de L' Energie

1998 T g

Prototype Carbon Fund

PCF 1999 Washington DC USA F fg

Public-Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility

PPIAF 1999 Washington DC USA F g

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