Global Civil Society & the UN Sustainable Development Goals

Goal 6: Ensure access to water and sanitation for all

Clean Water & Sanitation


Clean, accessible water for all is an essential part of the world we want to live in and there is sufficient fresh water on the planet to achieve this. However, due to bad economics or poor infrastructure, millions of people including children die every year from diseases associated with inadequate water supply, sanitation and hygiene.

Water scarcity, poor water quality and inadequate sanitation negatively impact food security, livelihood choices and educational opportunities for poor families across the world. At the current time, more than 2 billion people are living with the risk of reduced access to freshwater resources and by 2050, at least one in four people is likely to live in a country affected by chronic or recurring shortages of fresh water. Drought in specific afflicts some of the world’s poorest countries, worsening hunger and malnutrition. Fortunately, there has been great progress made in the past decade regarding drinking sources and sanitation, whereby over 90% of the world’s population now has access to improved sources of drinking water.

To improve sanitation and access to drinking water, there needs to be increased investment in management of freshwater ecosystems and sanitation facilities on a local level in several developing countries within Sub-Saharan Africa, Central Asia, Southern Asia, Eastern Asia and South-Eastern Asia.

Name Acronym Founded City HQ Country/Territory HQ Type I Type II

Protocol Concerning Cooperation in Combating Pollution Emergencies in the South Pacific Region

1986 Apia Samoa T g

Protocol Concerning Cooperation in Combating Pollution in Cases of Emergency

1981 Abidjan Côte d'Ivoire T g

Protocol Concerning Cooperation in Combating Pollution of the Mediterranean Sea by Oil and other Harmful Substances in Cases of Emergency

1976 Athens Greece T g

Protocol Concerning Cooperation in Preventing Pollution from Ships and, in Cases of Emergency, Combating Pollution of the Mediterranean Sea

2002 Athens Greece T g

Protocol Concerning Marine Pollution Resulting from Exploration and Exploitation of the Continental Shelf

1989 Safat Kuwait T g

Protocol Concerning Pollution from Land-based Sources and Activities

1999 Kingston Jamaica T g

Protocol Concerning Regional Cooperation in Combating Pollution by Oil and other Harmful Substances in Case of Emergency

1982 Jeddah Saudi Arabia T g

Protocol Concerning Regional Cooperation in Combating Pollution by Oil and other Harmful Substances in Cases of Emergency

1978 Safat Kuwait T g

Protocol for the Prevention of Pollution of the Mediterranean Sea by Dumping from Ships and Aircraft

Dumping Protocol 1976 Athens Greece T g

Protocol for the Prevention of Pollution of the South Pacific Region by Dumping

1986 Apia Samoa T g

Protocol for the Protection of the Mediterranean Sea against Pollution from Land-Based Sources and Activities

LBS Protocol 1980 T g

Protocol for the Protection of the Mediterranean Sea Against Pollution Resulting from Exploration and Exploitation of the Continental Shelf and the Seabed and its Subsoil

1994 Athens Greece T g

Protocol for the Protection of the South East Pacific Against Radioactive Contamination

1989 Quito Ecuador T g

Protocol for the Protection of the Southeast Pacific Against Pollution from Land-based Sources

1983 Quito Ecuador T g

Protocol of 1973 to the International Convention Relating to Intervention of the High Seas in Cases of Oil Pollution Casualties

1973 London UK T g

Protocol of 1997 to Amend the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, as Modified by the Protocol of 1978 Relating Thereto

MARPOL PROT 1997 1997 London UK T g

Protocol of 2010 to Amend the International Convention of Liability and Compensation for Damage in Connection with the Carriage of Hazardous and Noxious Substances by Sea

HNS PROT 2010 2010 London UK T g

Protocol on Cooperation in Combating Pollution of the Black Sea Marine Environment by Oil and other Harmful Substances in Emergency Situations

1992 Istanbul Türkiye T g

Protocol on Pollutant Release and Transfer Registers

Kiev protocol 2003 Geneva Switzerland T g

Protocol on Preparedness, Response and Cooperation to Pollution Incidents by Hazardous and Noxious Substances

OPRC-HNS 2000 2000 London UK T g

Protocol on Protection of the Black Sea Marine Environment Against Pollution from Land-based Sources

1992 Istanbul Türkiye T g

Protocol on the Control of Marine Transboundary Movements and Disposal of Hazardous Wastes

1998 T g

Protocol on the Prevention of Pollution of the Mediterranean Sea by Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal

1996 Athens Greece T g

Protocol on the Protection of the Black Sea Marine Environment Against Pollution by Dumping

1992 Istanbul Türkiye T g

Protocol on Water and Health to the 1992 Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes

1999 Geneva Switzerland T g

Protocol Relating to Intervention on the High Seas in Cases of Marine Pollution by Substances other Than Oil

INTERVENTION PROT 1973 1973 London UK T g

Protocol to Amend the 1910 Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules of Law Relating to Assistance and Salvage at Sea

1967 T g

Protocol to Amend the International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage, 1984

1984 London UK T g

Protocol to Prolong the International Sanitary Convention for Aerial Navigation

1946 T g

Protocol to Prolong the International Sanitary Convention, 1944

1946 T g

Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long Range Transboundary Air Pollution Concerning the Control of Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds on Their Transboundary Fluxes

1991 VOC protocol 1991 T g

Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long Range Transboundary Air Pollution Concerning the Control of Nitrogen Oxides Emissions or Their Transboundary Fluxes

1988 NOx protocol 1988 T g

Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long Range Transboundary Air Pollution on Further Reduction of Sulphur Emissions

1994 T g

Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long Range Transboundary Air Pollution on Long-term Financing of the Cooperative Programme for Monitoring and Evaluation of the Long-range Transmission of Air-pollutants in Europe

1984 EMEP protocol 1984 T g

Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long Range Transboundary Air Pollution on the Reduction of Sulphur Emissions or Their Transboundary Fluxes by at Least 30 per Cent

1985 Sulphur protocol 1985 T g

Protocol to the Convention on Long Range Transboundary Air Pollution on Persistent Organic Pollutants

POP protocol 1998 T g

Protocol to the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution on Heavy Metals

1998 T g

Protocol to the International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage, 1976

1976 London UK T g

Protocol to the International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage, 1992

1992 London UK T g

Prototype Carbon Fund

PCF 1999 Washington DC USA F fg

Public-Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility

PPIAF 1999 Washington DC USA F g

Pueblito Canada

1975 Toronto ON Canada G

Pure Earth

1999 New York NY USA F j

Pure Water for the World

PWW 1999 Rutland VT USA G

PV CYCLE Association

2007 Brussels Belgium J

Race for Water Foundation

2010 Lausanne Switzerland G f

Radiant Earth Foundation

Washington DC USA G f

Rainwater Harvesting Implementation Network

RAIN 2003 Amsterdam Netherlands G

Real Action for International Need

RAIN 2012 Alton Bay NH USA N

Red Centroamericana de Acción del Agua

San José Costa Rica D y

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